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- Essay Name : 645.txt
- Uploader :
- Email Address :
- Language : english
- Subject : Environmental Awareness
- Title : Nuclear Waste
- Grade : 84%
- School System : San Diego
- Country : usa
- Author Comments : Essay on nuclear waste, it's problems, and possible solutions
- Teacher Comments : good, should be updated
- Date : 6/19/94
- Site found at : Termpaper site link
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- Nuclear Waste
-
- Nuclear waste is one of the most pressing and provocative
- environmental issues of our time. This radioactive waste, which
- remains deadly for thousands of years, is incredibly difficult to
- deal with. Unfortunately, time is running short for a solution, as
- a growing number of reactors, (111 in the United States alone),
- radioactive remnants of Cold War weapons, and increasing medical
- uses of radioactivity will soon create enough waste to exceed the
- current holding capacity for radioactive materials.
- There are two types of nuclear waste. The first is low-level
- radioactive waste, which contains small amounts of radioactivity.
- This sort of waste usually comes from medical facilities and
- pharmaceutical companies and includes clothing, test tubes, and all
- kinds of diagnostic waste. The other kind, which is of most
- concern, is high-level radioactive waste, which is created when
- reactor fuel is mined and processed and when atoms are split in
- reactors. This "hot" waste includes spent uranium fuel rods and
- the liquid waste produced when those rods are dissolved in acid to
- make plutonium for nuclear weapons.
- Disposing of low-level waste presents difficulties, but not
- insurmountable ones. As of now, it is shipped to special disposal
- sites in the United States. Expectedly, the public is not pleased
- to have any type of radioactive waste in their own backyards, even
- the relatively harmless low-level trash. The main obstacle in
- dealing with this type is to educate the public, which tends to
- equate anything radioactive with that of the highly dangerous,
- nuclear fuel cycle variety. Without good information, the people
- will always fear anything remotely connected with nuclear power and
- will continue to incorrectly liken what goes on in an X-ray
- laboratory with what goes on in a plutonium bomb.
- Of far more concern is how to dispose of the high-level
- radioactive waste. This problem has plagued scientists and
- politicians since the beginning of the nuclear age. "Hot" waste
- contaminates the earth, the water, the air, and even minute amounts
- of it can be extremely poisonous to humans. Short of abolishing
- nuclear waste altogether, it looks like there is little that can be
- done about the growing accumulation of nuclear waste. Scientists
- are doing what they can to deal with the problem, although the
- solutions are admittedly not long-term ones.
- Currently, "hot" waste is stored near the reactors and weapons
- plants that make it. Used fuel rods are kept in pools of
- circulating water and liquid waste in steel tanks that are buried
- below the ground. Some of the less radioactive liquid waste is
- mixed with concrete and made into blocks, which are buried under
- clay and planted over. Wastes have sometimes been encased in metal
- drums lined with concrete and dumped into the sea, at times dumped
- without any packaging at all. A few countries recycle the fuel to
- recover plutonium, which can be used as reactor fuel.
- Each of these methods has drawbacks. Drums have leaked and
- contaminated surrounding land. Storing fuel rods in pools is only
- a temporary measure, and the pumps and filters required can
- malfunction. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can damage buried
- drums, break the concrete, and release radioactive material into
- the soil and groundwater. This groundwater can also serve to free
- wastes by corroding metal containers of nuclear waste, mixing with
- it and leaching into soil and streams. Recycling waste for
- plutonium is costly, complex, and still leaves behind waste. Worse
- still, large-scale recycling could lead to trade in plutonium,
- which can be used to make nuclear weapons.
- The question of how to deal with nuclear waste is an extremely
- difficult one, but it must be dealt with. Certainly, nuclear waste
- must be disposed of somewhere, and the longer we wait, the more
- formidable the task becomes. What is needed is more study on how
- radioactive elements behave, hopefully enough to solve this most
- urgent environmental problem.
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